AMERICAN DRAMA OF THE 20TH CENTURY

The 20th century witnessed a flourishing period in American drama, with numerous playwrights crafting impactful works that continue to captivate audiences to this day. This short reminder will delve into the works of prominent playwrights including Eugene O'Neill, Tennessee Williams, August Wilson, Arthur Miller, Sam Shepard, and David Mamet. Each of these writers contributed to the rich tapestry of American drama with their unique styles, themes, and narratives.

Eugene O'Neill, often referred to as the father of American drama, explored the depths of human emotion and psychological turmoil. His plays, such as "Long Day's Journey into Night" and "Desire Under the Elms," unveiled the complexities of familial relationships and the human quest for meaning. O'Neill's characters grapple with addiction, regret, and the inherent struggles of existence, providing a raw and introspective look into the human psyche.

"Our Town" is a three-act play created by American playwright Thornton Wilder in 1938. Described by Edward Albee as "the greatest American play ever written", it presents the fictional American town of Grover's Corners between 1901 and 1913 through the everyday lives of its citizens.

Tennessee Williams, known for his poetic language and vivid characters, created plays that often centered around the concept of desire. Works like "A Streetcar Named Desire," "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof," and "The Glass Menagerie" scrutinized the fragility of human dreams and the conflicts that arise when personal desires clash with societal expectations. Williams' characters are emblematic of the broader human condition, with their aspirations and vulnerabilities resonating with audiences across generations.

"Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?" is a play by Edward Albee first staged in October 1962. It examines the complexities of the marriage of a middle-aged couple, Martha and George. Late one evening, after a university faculty party, they receive an unwitting younger couple, Nick and Honey, as guests, and draw them into their bitter and frustrated relationship. 

The central message of "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?" is widely believed to be that human beings must learn to live without illusion. Throughout the play, the characters do battle to protect their own versions of reality, while tearing down each other's.

August Wilson's contribution to American drama came in the form of his ten-play cycle, collectively known as "The Pittsburgh Cycle." Each play, set in a different decade, explored the African-American experience throughout the 20th century. Works like "Fences," "The Piano Lesson," and "Ma Rainey's Black Bottom" grappled with themes of race, identity, and the legacy of the past on present-day lives, highlighting the struggles of the African-American community.

Arthur Miller's plays often tackled social and political issues, making him a central figure in the American theatrical landscape. "The Crucible" allegorically examined the 17th-century Salem witch trials to comment on McCarthyism and the dangers of mass hysteria. "Death of a Salesman" exposed the dark underbelly of the American Dream and the impact of societal pressures on an individual's sense of self-worth.

Sam Shepard's plays, such as "Fool for Love" and "True West," often explored themes of identity, family dynamics, and the American mythos. Shepard's narratives frequently featured dysfunctional families and characters grappling with their own pasts, creating a sense of unease and introspection among the audience.

David Mamet, known for his distinct dialogue and exploration of power dynamics, crafted plays like "Glengarry Glen Ross" that delved into the competitive world of salesmen and the ruthlessness of capitalism. "Oleanna" dissected issues of political correctness, authority, and communication, provoking intense debates about gender and power dynamics.

Apart from these authors there are manyš more that should be mentioned, such as: Lillian Hellman, George Kaufman, Tony Kushner, Neil Simon...

We can say that the 20th century American drama landscape was a rich tapestry woven by a diverse array of playwrights. Each writer brought their unique perspective to the stage, addressing issues ranging from personal struggles to societal complexities. Through works that explored human desires, social injustice, identity, and more, these playwrights left an indelible mark on the theatrical world and continue to shape the way we understand the human experience.